Encyclopedia of Pakistan

Encyclopedia of Pakistan

The civilization of Pakistan belongs primarily to the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's oldest and most advanced ancient cultures. It flourished around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, with its major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, located in the region that is now Pakistan's Sindh and Punjab provinces.

In addition to the Indus Valley Civilization, Pakistan has a rich history influenced by many other civilizations, including the Persians, Greeks, Mauryas, Guptas, Mughals, and more, due to its strategic location in South Asia.

 

Civilization Overview	Indus Valley
Capital Name	Islamabad
Oldest City	Peshawar
Modern City	Karachi

 

Administrative Divisions

Total Provinces	4
Largest Province	Baluchistan
Largest province in Population	Punjab

 

Geographic Data

Land (Sq km)	881,913
Population	220 million
Total Youth Age (18~40 years)	63 million
Birth Rate	22.6 per 1,000

 

Demographic

Men Population	51%
Women Population	49%
Language National	Urdu
Language official	English
Ethnic Groups	Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun, Baloch
Religious Composition	Muslim 96%

 

Resources and Natural Features

Water Reserve	Indus Basin
Total Rivers	24
Largest River	Indus
Famous Minerals	Salt, Coal
Total Jungles	4.8%
Jungles Covered	3.2%
Largest Jungle	Changa Manga
Forested Area	4 million ha
Wildlife Species	Diverse

 

History and Foundation

Constitution Founded	1973
Major Historical Fact	Independence from Britian
Colonial History	British Raj

 

Economy

Gold Reserves	64 tons
Dollars Reserves	$20 billion
GDP	$300 billion
Major Industries	Textiles, Agriculture
Key Exports	Cotton, Rice

 

Education and Technology

Education Rate	60%
Total Dams	150+
Largest Dams	Tarbela Dam
Contribution in Space Technology	SUPARCO
Contribution in Technology	IT Industry
Research and Development	Growing

 

Society and Culture

Contribution in Social Network	Active Users
Contribution in Humanity	Philanthropy
Major Controversies	Political & Religious
Cultural Heritage Sites	MohenjoDaro
Festivals and Traditions	Eid, Basant

 

Sports

Contribution in Sports	Cricket
National Sports Field	Hockey
Gold Medals in Olympics	3
Prominent Athletes	Imran Khan

 

Symbols

 

National Bird	Chukar
National Color	Green
National Animal	Markhor
National Anthem	Qaumi Taranah
National Emblem	Crescent, Star

 

Climate and Weather

Extreme Weather in Cold	20°C
Extreme Weather in Summer	50°C
Total Seasons	4
Average Annual Rainfall	494 mm

 

Infrastructure

Longest Road	N5
Longest Railway	ML1
Major Airports	Jinnah International Islamabad
Major Seaports	Karachi Port

 

Currency and Economy

Currency Name	Pakistani Rupee
Currency Notes Value (in terms of dollars)	$0.006
Inflation Rate	8.9%

 

Social Indices

Peace Index	5.6
War Index	1.4

 

Sexual Harassment Index High

Crime Rate	Moderate
Highest Crime Rate City	Karachi
Lowest Crime Rate City	Gilgit
Human Development Index	0.557
Corruption Perception Index	140

 

Science and Technology Development

Research Institutions	160+
Key Scientific Discoveries	Salt Range
Technological Innovations	eGovernment
Major Research Areas	Medicine, Agriculture
Nobel Laureates	2
Space Missions	SUPARCO Projects
Advanced Manufacturing	Emerging
IT Industry Growth	Significant
Biotechnology Development	Advancing
Renewable Energy Projects	Wind, Solar
Artificial Intelligence Contributions	Software
Healthcare Innovations	Telemedicine
Scientific Publications	Increasing
International Collaborations	China, USA
Patents Filed	Growing

 

Security and Defence

National Defence Budget	$11 billion
Military Strength	6th Largest
Active Personnel	650,000
Reserve Personnel	500,000
Defence Technologies	JF17 Fighter
Cybersecurity Measures	Evolving
Intelligence Agencies	ISI
Border Security	Stringent
Major Defence Alliances	China
Domestic Security Forces	Rangers
Counterterrorism Units	SSG
Nuclear Arsenal	Significant
Public Safety Initiatives	Polio Campaigns
Crime Prevention Programs	Operation ZarbeAzb
Disaster Response Teams	NDMA
Coast Guard Services	Maritime Security
Military Bases	Numerous
Defence Research and Development	Defence Industry
International Peacekeeping Contributions	UN Missions
Security Policies	Strategic Depth

Tourism

Top Tourist Attractions	Hunza Valley
Historical Sites	Lahore Fort
Cultural Festivals	Basant
Popular Cities for Tourists	Lahore, Islamabad, Taxila
Natural Wonders	K2
National Parks	Margalla Hills
Tourist Accommodations	Hotels, Guesthouses
Adventure Tourism	Trekking
Ecotourism	Increasing
Religious Sites	Badshahi Mosque
Beaches and Coastal Areas	Clifton Beach
Mountain Resorts	Murree
Local Cuisine	Biryani
Shopping Destinations	Liberty Market, Islamabad city
Transportation for Tourists	Buses, Trains
Tourist Safety Measures	Police
Annual Tourist Arrivals	1.9 million
Tourist Information Centers	Available
Famous Landmarks	Minar e Pakistan
UNESCO World Heritage Sites	6
Museums and Art Galleries	Lok Virsa Museum

 

Flight Information

Major Airports	Jinnah International
International Flights	PIA, Emirates
Domestic Flights	PIA, Air Blue
Airline Carriers	PIA, Air Blue
Flight Connectivity	Global
Airport Facilities	Duty Free Shops
Security Procedures	Strict
Baggage Allowance	Varies
Customs Regulations	Import/Export Limits
Visa Requirements Varies	by Country
Frequent Flyer Programs	PIA Awards
Travel Insurance	Recommended

 

Travel Information

Tourist Visas	Required
Travel Agencies	Numerous
Accommodation	Options Hotels, Hostels
Public Transportation Buses	Metro
Taxi Services	Ride Hailing Apps, Uber, Cream, Yango, Indrive
Car Rentals	Available
Travel Itineraries	Customizable
Travel Guides	Available
Local Transportation	Apps Careem, Uber
Travel Safety Tips	Stay Informed
Emergency Contacts	Police 15, Ambulance 1122
Travel Health Advisories	Vaccinations
Currency Exchange	Widely Available
Local Etiquette	Respectful Behavior
Language Translation	Services Available

 

Power Plant

Total Power	Plants Numerous
Largest Power	Plant Guddu
Total Nuclear Reactors	5
Nuclear Power Plants	KANUPP
Wind Power Plants	Jhimpir
Solar Power Plants	Quaid e Azam Solar Park
Hydal (Hydroelectric) Power Plants	Tarbela Dam
Transmission Lines	Extensive

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